ἄρχω

ἄρχω
ἄρχω fut. ἄρξω; 1 aor. ἦρξα LXX. Mid.: fut. ἄρξομαι; 1 aor. ἠρξάμην; pf. ἦργμαι (Hom.+) lit. be first.
① to rule or govern, w. implication of special status, rule act. w. gen. over someth. or someone (Hom., Hdt. et al.; UPZ 81 col. 2, 18 [II B.C.] as an epithet of Isis: τῶν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἄρχουσα; En 9:7; EpArist 190; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 12 Jac.; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 6; Just., D. 90, 4; 111, 1) τῶν ἐθνῶν Mk 10:42; Ro 15:12 (Is 11:10). εἰς πόλιν ἄρχουσαν δύσεως into the city that rules over the West ApcPt Rainer 15f. τῶν θηρίων τ. γῆς B 6:12 (cp. Gen 1:26, 28). τῆς περὶ τὴν γῆν διακοσμήσεως ἔδωκεν ἄ. (angels) authority to govern the earth Papias (4).
② to initiate an action, process, or state of being, begin mid., except for GMary s. 2aα.
ⓐ w. pres. inf. (DHesseling, Z. Syntax v. ἄρχομαι: ByzZ 20, 1911, 147–64; JKleist, Mk ’36, 154–61 Marcan ἤρξατο; GReichenkron, Die Umschreibung m. occipere, incipere u. coepisse: Syntactica u. Stilistica, Festschr. EGamillscheg ’57, 473–75; MReiser, Syntax u. Stil (Mk), ’84, 43–45).
α. lit., to denote what one begins to do, in pres. inf. (Polyaenus 3, 9, 40 σφαγιάζειν) λέγειν (Jos., Ant. 8, 276; 18, 289) Mt 11:7; ὀνειδίζειν vs. 20; τύπτειν 24:49; κηρύσσειν 4:17; Mk 5:20; cp. the use of the act. GMar 463 ἀπ̣[ελθὼ]ν ἤ̣ρ̣χεν κη[ρύς]|[σειν τὸ εὐαγγέλι]ο̣ν̣ [κατὰ Μάριαμ] (Levi) went off and began to proclaim [the gospel according to Mary]; παίζειν Hs 9, 11, 5 al.; εἶναι IRo 5:3. Emphasis can be laid on the beginning Lk 15:14; 21:28, Ac 2:4; 11:15, or a contrast can be implied, as w. continuation Mk 6:7; 8:31; IEph 20:1; w. completion Mt 14:30; Lk 14:30; J 13:5; w. an interruption Mt 12:1; 26:22; Ac 27:35.—μὴ ἄρξησθε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς don’t even begin to think=do not cherish the unfortunate thought Lk 3:8.
β. Oft. ἄ. only means that the pers. in question has been doing something else and that the activity now takes a new turn (GrBar 4:11 ὅταν … ἐξήλθε Νῶε τῆς κιβωτοῦ, ἤρξατο φυτεύειν ‘after Noah left the Ark, he began to beget’) Mt 26:37, 74; Lk 4:21; 5:21; 7:15, 24, 38, 49 al. In such cases it is freq. almost superfluous as an auxiliary, in accordance w. late Semitic usage (Jos., Ant. 11, 131; 200; Dalman, Worte 21f; s. JHunkin, ‘Pleonastic’ ἄρχομαι in the NT: JTS 25, 1924, 390–402). So ὧν ἤρξατο ὁ Ἰης. ποιεῖν Ac 1:1=simply what Jesus did (sim. Lat. coepio).
ⓑ abs. (sc. the inf. fr. the context) ἦν Ἰησοῦς ἀρχόμενος ὡσεὶ ἐτῶν τριάκοντα Lk 3:23 prob. Jesus was about 30 years old when he began his work. In ἀρξάμενος Πέτρος ἐξετίθετο (Aesop, Fab. 100 P.=H-H. 102 [Halm 155 ἀχθόμενος] Μῶμος ἀρξάμενος ἕλεγε; X. Eph. 5, 7, 9 ἀρξαμένη κατέχομαι) ἀ. receives its content fr. the foll. καθεξῆς: P. began and explained in order Ac 11:4.
ⓒ w. indication of the starting point ἄ. ἀπὸ τότε begin fr. that time Mt 4:17; 16:21; ἄ. ἀπό τινος (Pla. et al., also Arrian, Cyneg. 36, 4; PMeyer 24, 3; Ezk 9:6; Jos., Ant. 7, 255 ἀπὸ σοῦ; in local sense SIG 969, 5; PTebt 526; Jos., Ant. 13, 390) ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωϋσέως beginning w. Moses Lk 24:27; ἀ. ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς ταύτης beginning with this passage of Scripture Ac 8:35; J 8:9; 1 Pt 4:17. Locally Lk 24:47; Ac 10:37. With both starting point and end point given (Lucian, Somn. 15 ἀπὸ τῆς ἕω ἀρξάμενος ἄχρι πρὸς ἑσπέραν; Gen 44:12) ἀπό τινος ἕως τινός: ἀπὸ τ. ἐσχάτων ἕως τῶν πρώτων Mt 20:8; Ac 1:22; local Lk 23:5.—B. 976; 1319. EDNT. DELG. M-M s.v. ἄρχομαι. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία. 2015.

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  • ἄρχω — to be first pres subj act 1st sg ἄρχω to be first pres ind act 1st sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • άρχω — (AM ἄρχω) 1. κυβερνώ, εξουσιάζω 2. παθ. ( ομαι) κυβερνώμαι, διοικούμαι, είμαι υπήκοος νεοελλ. φρ. «άρχεται η συνεδρίαση» αρχίζει η συνεδρίαση αρχ. (μέσ., ομαι) 1. βρίσκομαι στην αρχή 2. κάνω την αρχή, αρχίζω κάτι 3. (το αρσ. της μετοχής του ενεστ …   Dictionary of Greek

  • ἀρχῷ — ἀρχός leader masc dat sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρξαι — ἄρχω to be first perf ind mp 2nd sg (doric ionic aeolic) ἄρχω to be first aor imperat mid 2nd sg ἄρχω to be first aor inf act ἄρξαῑ , ἄρχω to be first aor opt act 3rd sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρχον — ἄρχω to be first pres part act masc voc sg ἄρχω to be first pres part act neut nom/voc/acc sg ἄρχω to be first imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic) ἄρχω to be first imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic) ἄρχων ruler masc voc sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἤρχθην — ἄρχω to be first plup ind mp 3rd dual ἄρχω to be first plup ind mp 3rd dual (attic epic ionic) ἄρχω to be first aor ind pass 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic aeolic) ἄρχω to be first aor ind pass 1st sg (attic epic ionic) ἔργνυμι aor ind pass 3rd… …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρξασθε — ἄρχω to be first aor imperat mid 2nd pl ἄ̱ρξασθε , ἄρχω to be first aor ind mid 2nd pl (doric aeolic) ἄρχω to be first aor ind mid 2nd pl (homeric ionic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρξει — ἄρχω to be first aor subj act 3rd sg (epic) ἄρχω to be first fut ind mid 2nd sg ἄρχω to be first fut ind act 3rd sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρξον — ἄρχω to be first aor imperat act 2nd sg ἄρχω to be first fut part act masc voc sg ἄρχω to be first fut part act neut nom/voc/acc sg …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρξουσι — ἄρχω to be first aor subj act 3rd pl (epic) ἄρχω to be first fut part act masc/neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic) ἄρχω to be first fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

  • ἄρξουσιν — ἄρχω to be first aor subj act 3rd pl (epic) ἄρχω to be first fut part act masc/neut dat pl (attic epic doric ionic) ἄρχω to be first fut ind act 3rd pl (attic epic doric ionic aeolic) …   Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)

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